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Myth detector

Short claims often hide category mistakes. Use these replacements.

Myth Better model
“The model stores documents in its database.” Training compresses patterns into distributed parameters; models can still memorize and reproduce some strings. Retrieval is a separate system unless explicitly added.
“Open weights means open source.” Audit weights, architecture, training code, data information/artifacts, logs, checkpoints, and licenses separately.
“More parameters means more compute per token.” Dense models often follow that direction, but sparse MoE separates total from activated parameters. Serving still needs weight memory and communication.
“Each MoE expert has a named subject.” Experts are learned FFN paths selected from token representations. Specialization can be distributed, overlapping, unstable, or hard to label.
“Prompting the right phrase calls the math expert.” Prompt text changes token representations and can indirectly change hidden routes; normal APIs do not expose or guarantee expert selection.
“Temperature adds creativity or knowledge.” Temperature reshapes a fixed next-token distribution before sampling. It changes selection diversity, not weights or evidence.
“The context window is memory.” Context is request-time input/cache. Persistent application memory requires storage, retrieval, summarization, or parameter updates.
“RAG prevents hallucinations.” Retrieval can supply evidence; relevance, prompt use, generation, and citation verification can still fail.
“A benchmark score is the model.” It is a measurement of a specific model/runtime/prompt/decoder/harness configuration on a dataset.
“Chain-of-thought text reveals the model's true internal reasoning.” Generated rationale is an output sequence. It can help performance or inspection in some settings but is not a guaranteed faithful transcript of internal computation.
“Lossless tokenizer means fair tokenizer.” Byte fallback can preserve every string while using far more tokens for underrepresented languages or domains.
“Loss went down, so the model got better.” Training loss measures one objective on sampled data. Validate held-out loss, target tasks, safety, robustness, and serving behavior.
“Quantization only makes the file smaller.” It also changes kernels, memory bandwidth, cache behavior, throughput, and sometimes quality.
“A seed makes training reproducible.” Data order, kernels, reductions, device topology, versions, and failure/resume behavior also matter.
“Agents are models that think repeatedly.” An agent is a control loop around model calls with state, actions, observations, policies, and termination.

A five-question claim filter

  1. Which layer? Data, tokenizer, architecture, checkpoint, runtime, prompt, tool, or product?
  2. Which version? Model revision, code commit, dataset snapshot, harness, and date?
  3. Which measurement? Units, denominator, sample, uncertainty, and controls?
  4. Which evidence? Primary source, derived calculation, inference, or heuristic?
  5. Which boundary? What would make the statement stop being true?